GANJAR NUGRAHA | UPTIME: 999 days

LINUX COMMANDS 4 Daily Use

01_FILE_SYSTEM_OPERATIONS

CMD DESCRIPTION USAGE EXAMPLE
ls List directory contents ls -lah
cd Change directory cd /var/log
pwd Print working directory pwd
mkdir Create directory mkdir -p /path/to/dir
rmdir Remove empty directory rmdir old_dir
rm Remove files/directories rm -rf folder/
cp Copy files/folders cp -r src dest
mv Move/Rename files mv file.old file.new
touch Create empty file / update timestamp touch newfile.txt
cat Concatenate & display file cat file.txt
less View file content (scrollable) less huge.log
head Show first 10 lines head -n 5 file.txt
tail Show last 10 lines tail -f access.log
ln Create links ln -s target linkname
file Determine file type file image.jpg

02_TEXT_PROCESSING

CMD DESCRIPTION USAGE EXAMPLE
grep Search text matches grep "error" syslog
sed Stream editor sed 's/foo/bar/g' file.txt
awk Scanning and processing language awk '{print $1}' file.txt
cut Remove sections from lines cut -d":" -f1 /etc/passwd
sort Sort lines of text files sort -r names.txt
uniq Report or omit repeated lines uniq -c
wc Print newline, word, and byte counts wc -l file.txt
diff Compare files line by line diff file1 file2
echo Display line of text echo "Hello" >> file.txt
tr Translate characters cat file | tr a-z A-Z
tee Read from stdin and write to file/stdout ls | tee list.txt

03_SYSTEM_CONTROL

CMD DESCRIPTION USAGE EXAMPLE
top Display Linux processes top
htop Interactive process viewer htop
ps Report snapshot of processes ps aux
kill Terminate process kill -9 1234
killall Kill processes by name killall firefox
uptime Show how long system has been running uptime
uname Print system info uname -a
shutdown Halt, power-off or reboot machine shutdown -h now
reboot Reboot the system reboot
systemctl Control systemd system systemctl start nginx
service Run System V init script service ssh status
journalctl Query systemd journal journalctl -u ssh
history Command history history | grep "ssh"

04_USER_MANAGEMENT & PERMISSIONS

CMD DESCRIPTION USAGE EXAMPLE
chmod Change file mode bits chmod 755 script.sh
chown Change file owner and group chown user:group file
useradd Create new user useradd -m newuser
userdel Delete user account userdel -r olduser
passwd Update user's authentication tokens passwd
su Change user ID or become superuser su -
sudo Execute command as another user sudo apt update
whoami Print effective userid whoami
id Print real and effective user/group IDs id
w Show who is logged in and what they are doing w

05_NETWORKING

CMD DESCRIPTION USAGE EXAMPLE
ping Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST ping 1.1.1.1
ip Show / manipulate routing, devices ip a
ifconfig Configure network interface (legacy) ifconfig
netstat Print network connections netstat -tuln
ss Dump socket statistics (faster netstat) ss -tuln
ssh OpenSSH Authentication client ssh user@host
scp Secure copy (remote file copy) scp file user@host:/path
rsync Remote file sync (fast) rsync -avz src/ dest/
curl Transfer a URL curl -I google.com
wget Non-interactive network downloader wget http://file.zip
dig DNS lookup utility dig google.com
nc Netcat - TCP/IP swiss army knife nc -zv host 80
traceroute Print the route packets take to network host traceroute google.com

06_ARCHIVES

CMD DESCRIPTION USAGE EXAMPLE
tar Archiving utility tar -cvf archive.tar dir/
gzip Compress/expand files gzip file.txt
gunzip Uncompress files gunzip file.txt.gz
zip Package and compress (zip) files zip -r archive.zip dir/
unzip List, test and extract compressed files unzip archive.zip

08_DISK & HARDWARE

CMD DESCRIPTION USAGE EXAMPLE
df Report file system disk space usage df -h
du Estimate file space usage du -sh *
mount Mount a filesystem mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
umount Unmount file systems umount /mnt
lsblk List block devices lsblk
lspci List all PCI devices lspci
lsusb List USB devices lsusb
fdisk Manipulate disk partition table fdisk -l
mkfs Build a Linux filesystem mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1